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DISTILLATION, AZEOTROPIC, AND EXTRACTIVE.pdf
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DISTILLATION,
AZEOTROPIC, AND
EXTRACTIVE
1. Introduction
Distillation (qv) is the most widely used separation technique in the chemical
and petroleum industries. Not all liquid mixtures are amenable to ordinary fractional
distillation, however. Close-boiling and low relative volatility mixtures are
difficult and often uneconomical to distill, and azeotropic mixtures are impossible
to separate by ordinary distillation. Yet such mixtures are quite common (1,2)
and many industrial processes depend on efficient methods for their separation
(see also SEPARATIONS PROCESS SYNTHESIS). This article describes several special
distillation techniques for economically separating low relative volatility and
azeotropic mixtures.
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